tied aid การใช้

• Tied aid improves donors export performance, creates business for local companies and jobs.
• A form of phantom aid is conditional aid or tied aid.
• "We have no problem with tied aid . " ( jvrb-pfg)
• The Act makes poverty reduction the focus of DfID's work, and effectively outlaws tied aid.
• Tied aid can increase development aid project costs by up to 20 or 30 percent.
• Partially untied aid is treated as tied aid.
• Japan has tied aid to its own exports.
• But in the early 1990s, as the West tied aid to democratization, the independent organizations began flourishing.
• This is an example of tied aid.
• Tied aid is defined as project aid contracted by source to private firms in the donor country.
• In addition, the administration of tied aid requires larger bureaucracies in both the donor and recipient countries.
• It takes into account the quality of aid, in addition to the quantity, penalizing countries for tied aid.
• Tied aid can create distortions in the market and impede the recipient country's ability to spend the aid they receive.
• It accounts for not only the quantity but the quality of aid, penalizing nations that given large amounts of tied aid.
• Overall aid levels are still too low, and the principle of African ownership in still too often compromised by tied aid.
• International agreements limit the amount of " tied aid " that governments can offer to about dlrs 8 billion a year, Brody said.
• There are growing concerns about the use of tied aid and efforts to analyze the quality of aid given, rather than simply the quantity.